Why this chapter matters
Most real chemical systems are dynamic, and equilibrium tools let you predict how they respond to disturbances.
What you will learn
- Write K expressions from balanced equations and interpret magnitude of K.
- Use Q versus K to determine reaction shift direction.
- Apply Le Chatelier reasoning to concentration, pressure, and temperature changes.
Lessons in this chapter
- Dynamic equilibrium modelDistinguish static appearance from equal forward and reverse rates.
- Equilibrium expressionsConstruct Kc or Kp correctly from stoichiometric coefficients.
- Q versus K reasoningPredict spontaneous shift direction before equilibrium is reached.
- Le Chatelier applicationsPredict and justify shifts due to external changes.
Study task
Build an ICE-table workflow for two reversible reactions and include a short written justification for each predicted shift after a disturbance.
Chapter checkpoint
For N2(g) + 3H2(g) <-> 2NH3(g), what is Kc?
Kc = [NH3]^2 / ([N2][H2]^3).